What is a SIEM solution?

A Security Information and Event Management (SIEM) solution is a 24/7 intelligent threat detection system. It collects logs, makes statistical correlations, analyzes threat alerts across your network, combines data from several different sources, and helps security teams remediate issues before they cause serious damage to your company.

Your firewalls, intrusion detection systems, anti-virus software, wireless access points and Active Directory servers all generate tons of security alerts every day. With a SIEM, you can collect all of these in one place, with one set of reports and one centralized system for generating notifications.

NOTE! It can take several days, even months, to identify a data compromise. Modern IT security tools can generate millions of security alerts over the course of a day, but a SIEM solution filters out the noise, so the real threats get immediate attention.

Why Is SIEM Important?

The longer it takes to detect a threat, also known as “discovery time,” the more potential damage to your organization. A SIEM solution will identify real threats faster so your response team can act quickly before a breach occurs. It provides real-time visibility into what’s happening across your entire network 24/7.

A SIEM solution provides logging and reporting for compliance purposes. It provides centralized, built-in, easy-to-use, real-time log collection, alerting and reporting features.

Real threats are identified, isolated, and remediated quickly before they can cause serious harm and costly business disruptions.

SIEMs can help detect, mitigate, and prevent advanced threats, including:

• Malicious insiders – a SIEM solution can use network data, authentication, etc. to identify insiders planning or carrying out a cyberattack.
• Data exfiltration (sensitive information transferred outside the organization) – a SIEM solution can identify data transfers that are abnormal in their size, frequency, or payload.
• Advanced persistent threats – it can detect early signals indicating that an outside entity is launching a cyberattack or a long-term campaign against your organization.

A full SIEM solution also blends geolocation to increase its accuracy, ensures notifications are actionable in order to reduce false positives.

How Does It Work?

We call it E-R-I-N.

Events

Firstly, it collects millions of security alerts, or events, from your entire network, including cloud resources and mobile devices.

Rules

Secondly, we apply rules to determine which events are actionable threats. These threats become incidents.

We customize the ruleset to your network specific device types and against an established traffic baseline. We tune these rules continually based on changes to the threat landscape and changes to the customer’s hardware/software environment, as well as apply new rules based on new threats.

Incidents

Based on the criticality, an incident may be simply logged, it may be written in a report to be viewed later, or it may require immediate attention, generating an immediate notification.

Notifications

Finally, your response team is instantly notified so remediation can begin.

Who Needs a SIEM?

With today’s ever-evolving cybersecurity landscape, a SIEM solution plays a crucial role in staying ahead of the latest threats.

While every business can benefit from a SIEM, those that must comply with industry and government regulations and those looking to qualify for cybersecurity insurance will find it essential.

Businesses in healthcare, finance, accounting, and government agencies must meet specific regulatory requirements. An effective SIEM is key to complying with PCI, HIPAA, and FFIEC standards.

SIEM can check all the boxes on today’s stringent cybersecurity insurance applications. And once you get coverage, a SIEM can provide the detailed forensic analysis insurers require before they pay out in the event of security breach.

Next-Gen SIEM Capabilities

User and entity behavior analytics in advanced SIEM solutions utilize artificial intelligence and deep learning to look at patterns of human behavior.

Next-gen SIEMs may detect the first stages of a ransomware attack and perform the necessary containment steps automatically on affected resources, before the attacker can encrypt the data, while simultaneously generating notifications.

For more information about SIEM and how it can help protect your organization, please reach out.

Network Operations Centers (NOCs) are responsible for maintaining a company’s computer system’s technical infrastructure, while Security Operations Centers (SOCs) are responsible for protecting the organization against cyber threats.

The Network Operations Center (NOC)

A typical NOC team includes engineers and technicians who cautiously track an IT infrastructure. The team has many responsibilities, such as network and server monitoring and management, software installation and management, patch management, IT performance reporting, etc.

A NOC team will provide technical support and will ensure the organization can quickly identify and solve incidents related to uptime and performance. For instance, if NOC engineers notice any IT issues that can cause a network to slow down, they can remediate these problems before they lead to downtime that eventually impacts the organization’s staff or customers.

Network operations centers focus on preventing and solving network issues caused by natural disasters, power outages, and internet outages. In addition, a NOC can perform software patching for servers during off-hours to ensure minimal operational downtime. Also, NOC engineers work to constantly improve the organization’s IT performance. They may prevent incidents from happening, something that may help an organization simultaneously lower its IT costs and boost its productivity and efficiency.

The Security Operations Center (SOC)

Similar to a NOC, a SOC is another important part of an organization. As we have just seen, a NOC focuses on the IT infrastructure and its performance, but a SOC will maintain and improve the state of security of an organization.

Today’s companies are increasingly exposed to malware, DDoS, and other types of cyberattacks, but a SOC can protect your organization against such threats. A SOC team will include analysts who monitor and evaluate activity across enterprise applications, networks, websites, and other systems. If SOC analysts identify a suspicious activity, they will investigate it, and if they find that the organization’s system has been breached, they will take the necessary steps to address the incident in a timely manner.

As organizations implement more and more security tools there is a false sense of protection. Many tools will provide alerts when something suspicious occurs, but they still require human intervention to remedy the issue. Unfortunately, many attacks occur late at night, or before a long weekend due to a recognized holiday. Security is a 24×7 operation, and implementing a SOC will ensure you are protected 24x7x365.

NOC And SOC Challenges

The modern IT trends continue to put pressure on the existing IT teams that implement NOC or SOC functionalities. Organizations need to consider these challenges when developing NOC or SOC capabilities.

More Endpoints

The modern network continues to add devices and resources at a massive pace. In addition to the traditional endpoints, the modern network also includes a large array of connected devices such as, smartphones, tablets, smart TVs, printers, etc.

Bring-Your-Own-Device (BYOD) also adds complexity to the mix because the IT team needs to verify if the BYOD device abides by company policy for updates, endpoint protection, etc.

NOC teams struggle to adapt traditional infrastructure to more connected devices and bandwidth requirements. SOC teams share the same focus as each connected device and additional traffic stream adds to their monitoring and analysis requirements.

Remote Work & Cloud Solutions

As the number of devices, installed and utilized applications increase, this situation complicates network monitoring. Wireless 4G and 5G connections now connect operational technology that used to sit isolated in the office and the shift to the cloud now moves many assets outside of the corporate perimeter.

Additionally, as the staff continues to shift to remote work, corporate networks are exposed to consumer grade or unsecured public wi-fi connections. These unprotected resources will continue to put pressure on both NOC and SOC teams that must configure and maintain strong IT security plans to create proper defenses against modern security challenges.

Cost Of Downtime

As we get more and more dependent on technology (applications, websites), the cost of downtime continues to increase, therefore NOC teams have a limited time frame to fix network disruptions even as they cover more devices and more physical and virtual distance. Meanwhile, the perpetrators move faster and attack more viciously challenging the SOC personnel to act faster to prevent or mitigate cyberattacks.

Nowadays, several tools utilize artificial intelligence or machine learning to handle repetitive analyses that improve the team’s response time. Still, the AI/ML assistance requires both NOC and SOC teams to learn more tools and adapt their methods to incorporate such solutions.

Organizations seeking to secure their networks should incorporate both a NOC and a SOC to build a modern and secure IT infrastructure. Therefore, a good collaboration between NOC and SOC will improve the efficiency of your response during a crisis situation.

Malware uses a vulnerability to breach a network when a user clicks a dangerous link or downloads/opens an email attachment, common methods used to install malicious software inside the system. The term malware includes various types of threats including spyware, viruses, and worms.

Malware and malicious files inside a computer system can:

• Deny access to certain network components.
• Obtain sensitive information from the hard drive.
• Make the system inoperable.

Types of Malware

Ransomware is an increasingly popular type of malware that denies access to the victim’s data, threatening to publish or delete it unless a ransom is paid. Advanced ransomware uses cryptoviral extortion, encrypting the victim’s data and making decryption impossible without the decryption key.

Viruses attach themselves to executable code or associate themselves with files by creating a malicious file with the same name but with an .exe extension.

Worms are often installed through email attachments, sending copies of their source code to every contact in the infected computer email list. Unlike viruses, they do not attack the host, being self-contained programs that spread across networks and devices. Worms are frequently utilized to overburden email servers to conduct denial-of-service attacks.

Trojans are programs hiding inside other programs for malicious purposes. Unlike viruses, a trojan does not replicate itself and it is commonly used to establish a backdoor that can be exploited by hackers.

Spyware is what we call a software installed to collect data about users, their systems or browsing history, sending the captured data to a hacker. The attacker can then use the information for blackmailing purposes or to download and install other malicious programs.

Keyloggers are similar to spyware, except that they track the victim’s activity. Everything the victim types in is sent to the hacker and can eventually be used for blackmail or identity theft.

Which devices can be affected?

No device is immune to malware.

Also, both Android and iOS mobile devices can be infected with malware. Many types of mobile-specific malware are spread via SMS, besides the standard email vectors.

Common symptoms of malware infection

The most common signs that your device has been compromised by malware are:

• Slow device performance.
• URL redirections, basically the user is redirected to websites he/she did not intend to visit.
• Infection warnings, frequently along with requests to buy some software solutions to fix them.
• Problems shutting down or restarting your device.
• Frequent pop-up ads.

The more of these common symptoms you see, the higher the likelihood your device was infected.

How to protect your data against malware

Even though there are a lot of types of malware out there, there are solutions and tips your staff can implement to protect your business against such threats.

Protect your devices.

Keep your operating system and applications updated. Hackers look for vulnerabilities in old or outdated software, so make sure you install updates as soon as they become available.

Never click on a link in a popup. Just close the window and never revisit the website that generated it.

Only install apps you need and use regularly. If you no longer use an app, it is advisable to uninstall it.

Use a mobile security solution. Malware and adware campaigns are getting increasingly popular, so make sure your mobile devices are protected against such threats by utilizing a top-tier mobile security solution.

Do not lend out your smartphone or leave your computer unattended. Also, in case your default settings have been changed, or a new app has mysteriously appeared, this might be proof that spyware or a keylogger has been enabled.

Avoid clicking unknown links. Whether it comes via email, a social account, or a text message, if a link seems suspicious, stay away from it.

Only use known and trusted websites. So, avoid risky websites, such as non-HTTPS websites.

Keep an eye on emails requesting personal information. If an email appears to come from your bank and instructs you to click a link to reset your password or access your account, do not click it. Go directly to your online banking website/app and log in there.

Pay extra attention to downloads and other software purchases.

Make sure you purchase security software from respectable companies using their official stores.

Don’t utilize jailbroken or rooted devices, in order not to put your data at risk.

When looking for your next favorite app, make sure you read app reviews first, utilize only official app stores, and if something looks fishy, it would be safer to avoid it.

If you are concerned that your device may be infected, run a scan using a security software you trust.

Do not open an unexpected email attachment, even if it came from a friend or someone you know.

With these tips and a reliable security software, you will be on your way to protecting your data and devices from all kinds of malware.

A cyberattack is a deliberate attempt to breach the information system of an individual or an organization. Below we describe some of the most common types of cyberattacks.

Man-in-the-middle (MitM) attacks

This type of attack occurs each time a hacker gets fraudulent access to a client-server or other private communication. The most common types of man-in-the-middle attacks are the following.

Session hijacking occurs when an attacker hijacks a session between a trusted client and a server. The attacking device will replace its IP address with the one of the trusted client. If the server continues the session, the attack is successfully executed.

IP spoofing is utilized to disguise the attacker’s IP, usually with randomized numbers.  IP stands for Internet Protocol, which is the set of rules governing the format of data sent via the internet or local network. The IP address is the identifier that allows data to be sent between devices on a network: they contain location information and make devices accessible for communication.

To prevent such attacks, organizations rely on deep packet inspection (DPI) solutions, which utilize granular analysis of all headers not just the IP address.

A replay attack occurs every time a hacker intercepts and saves old communication and then reopens a discussion, impersonating one of the participants.

To counter such attacks, IT security teams utilize session timestamps and a cryptographic nonce “number only used once” which is a random number that can be used just once in a cryptographic communication.

Denial-of-service (DoS) and distributed denial-of-service (DDoS) attacks

A denial-of-service attack overwhelms a system so that it cannot respond to service requests. Similarly, a DDoS attack targets the system’s resources, but it is launched from several host machines controlled by the perpetrator.

Unlike cyberattacks that are designed to penetrate a system to get unauthorized access, DoS attacks do not provide direct benefits for attackers. However, if the targeted resource belongs to a competitor, then the benefit to the attacker can be measured.

A DoS attack can also be used to take a system offline to facilitate a different kind of attack.

There are several types of DoS attacks, such as teardrop attacks, botnets, etc.

Drive-by download attacks

Generally, the drive-by download attack is utilized for spreading malware. Hackers often look for insecure websites and exploitable vulnerabilities to include malicious scripts into HTTP or PHP code on some of the pages. These scripts might easily install malware directly onto the victim’s device if she/he visits the website, or it might redirect the victim to a second website controlled by the hackers.

A drive-by download will target an app or a web browser that is vulnerable due to lack of updates.

To protect your organization against such attacks, you should keep your browsers and operating systems up to date and avoid loading unsecure, suspicious websites.

Phishing & spear phishing attacks

Unfortunately, phishing attacks are increasingly popular among hackers. This type of cyberattack usually involves sending emails that appear to be from trusted sources with the goal of gaining personal information or influencing victims into taking certain action.

Such an attack combines social engineering and technical methods. It could be an email attachment or a link to an illegitimate website that can trick you into downloading malware or disclosing personal information.

Spear phishing is a targeted type of phishing activity. Attackers closely investigate their targets and create messages that are personal and relevant. Therefore, spear phishing can be very hard to identify and even harder to defend against.

Hackers usually utilize email spoofing for conducting spear phishing attacks. Basically, they change the sender’s email address, making it appear as if it is coming from someone you know, maybe a manager (e.g. CEO fraud) or a colleague/partner.

To reduce the risk of being phished, you should apply the following suggestions:

Analyze any email you consider suspicious.

Move your mouse over the suspicious link, but do not click it! Just move your mouse cursor over the link to see the destination URL.

Email headers define how an email got to your address. The “Reply-to” and “Return-Path” parameters should lead to the same address included in the email.

Password attacks

As we all know, passwords are the most used mechanism to authenticate to any information system. Access to a person’s password can be obtained by using social engineering, gaining access to a password database, etc.

Two of the most common password attacks are brute-force attacks and dictionary attacks.

The brute-force attack occurs when hackers or preconfigured bots try many different combinations, such as old passwords, stolen personal information, etc.

The dictionary attack involves a dictionary of common passwords that is used to attempt to gain access to a user’s computer and network.

To protect against dictionary or brute-force attacks, you should implement an account lockout policy that will block any login attempt after a few invalid user/password combinations.

SQL injection attacks

SQL injection has become a common issue with database-driven websites. It occurs when the hacker executes SQL queries to the database via input fields.

A SQL injection attack can allow the perpetrator to read information from the database, insert, update, or delete database data, execute admin operations, recover the content of a certain file, etc.

To protect your organization from a SQL injection attack, apply the least privilege model of permissions in your databases.

Cross-site scripting (XSS) attacks

XSS attacks use third-party resources to run scripts in the victim’s browser or application. The attacker injects malicious JavaScript into a website’s database. When the victim loads a web page, the server transmits the page with the attacker’s payload as part of the HTML body to the victim’s browser, which executes the malicious script. For instance, it might send the victim’s cookie to the attacker’s server, and the perpetrator can extract it and use it for session hijacking.

To defend against such cyberattacks, always make sure that you treat anything that generates data from outside your system as untrusted. Validate all the input data and create a whitelist of known, acceptable input. Examine and remove unwanted data.

Malware attacks

Malicious software can be described as unwanted software that is installed within the victim’s information system. There are many types of malware that hackers use such as: macro viruses, file infectors, polymorphic viruses, trojans, etc.

Conclusion

A good defense requires understanding the offense. Unfortunately, attackers have many options, such as DDoS assaults, malware infections, and brute-force password attacks trying to gain unauthorized access to business data.

Measures to mitigate these threats vary, but IT security basics stay the same. So, keep your systems and anti-virus databases up to date, regularly train your employees, configure your firewall to whitelist only the specific ports and hosts you need, keep your passwords unique and strong, use a least-privilege model in your IT environment, make regular backups, and continuously audit your IT systems for suspicious activity.